The following points highlight the six main steps involved in manufacturing cane sugar. For those facilities that refine purchased raw cane sugar and sugar syrup, the sic code is 2062. The actual sugar production process will vary depending upon the type of sugar being made. Steps involved in manufacturing canesugar with diagram. Guidance for industry food and drug administration. In india this process was introduced in the thirties. Usdas domestic sugar program and reporting glossary terms beet sugar means sugar that is processed directly or indirectly from sugar beets, sugar beet molasses or inprocess beet sugar whether produced domestically or imported. Sugar manufacturing is a highly seasonal industry, with season lengths of about 618 weeks for. When softened juice is evaporated, the sodium salts concentrate and the concentrated liquor is passed back thru the bed to regenerate the. Sugar production from sugar cane the basic process sugar cane must be crushed to extract the juice. This term is used throughout to indicate a sugar processing plant regardless of.
It is natural and has been produced from sugar cane and sugar beet for thousands of years. Centrifuge applications in the sugar industry focusondrives. A simplified process flow diagram for refined sugar production is shown in figure 9. Chemically, sugar is the substance sucrose, which can be hydrolysed in acidic solution i. In 1979, alcohol production from sugar cane displaced about 4 million tons of sugar in brazil. Vifoodesugar1 sugar refining sugar was first manufactured from sugar cane in india, and its manufacture has spread from there throughout the world. Because sugar cane must be processed within a day of harvest, high throughput is essential. If this sugar is now dissolved and allowed to crystallise again, a particularly pure and highquality sugar is formed refined sugar.
In sugar refining, glucose and fructose are regarded as impurities due to the difficulty in crystallising them from solution. Disclosed is a lecithinated sugar composition wherein lecithin is present in the sugar composition at not more than about 200 parts per million. Sulfur dioxide can be used for a variety of reasons during the processing of sugar cane or the production of molasses. Sugar beet and sugar cane goto sources for sugar because they have the highest percentage of sucrose of all plants. Also disclosed is a process for increasing the yield of raw sugar from a clarified sugar juice stream. Efficiency and productivity are key factors in sugar production centrifuges. Most canebased sweeteners, including white sugar, undergo multiple crystallization steps. Sugar refining is a highly energyintensive process. It grows up to 3 metres in height in tropical and subtropical climates. Due to the required growing conditions the majority or sugar cane for. It helps to think of refining as a series of steps from left to right where colour and nonsugars. The juice is collected, filtered and sometimes treated and then boiled to drive off the excess water. One difference in processing between the two plants is that sugar beets are refined at a single facility, a sugar beet factory and sugar cane at two facilities.
Cane juice means water containing the sucrose extracted from crushed sugarcane. Juice sulphitation is the process of purification of cane juice by employing lime and sulphur dioxide gas. Sugar crystals appear naturally white in color during the crystallization process. Why is sulfur sometimes used in the production of molasses. Being intended originally for use in a postgraduate university course, the book assumes a knowledge of elementary chemical engineering as well as adequate knowledge of chemistry.
Us5865899a process for refining a raw sugar, particulary. Strict process control, particularly of ph, must be maintained to avoid loss of sucrose in processing through its chemical hydrolysis to the unwanted sugars glucose and fructose. After processing and refining, not only are the end products exceptionally pure and highly marketable, but even. A new process for the production of white sugar in a cane sugar mill. Sugar cane is a tropical grass which can grow to around 34 m tall and is similar to bamboo. The steam is then used to drive a turbine in order to make electricity and create low pressure steam for the sugar making process. The raw sugar is stored in large warehouses and then transported into the sugar refinery by means of transport belts. Sugar is harvested from sugar beets, root vegetables that grow in cooler climates, and sugar cane plants, tropical grasses that grow up to 20 feet tall. Sugar beets are transported to the processing plant where they undergo the extraction and refining process. Below, we discuss what each of these steps entails. The absence of any recent english literature dealing with the sugar cane, which prompted me to compile sugar and the sugar cane, can no longer be offered as a reason for the production of an extended textbook on cane sugar.
This is the same process that makes most of our electricity but there are several important differences. After harvesting, sugar cane is partially refined into raw sugar at mills operated near the sugar fields. Following refining, the sugar is referred to as refined sugar. Usdas domestic sugar program and reporting glossary terms. Color is good in liquid sugar natural cane sugar isnt white. The cane sugar refining segment of the sugar processing industry has been divided into two subcategories. Department of commerce economics and statistics administration. Juice extraction on arrival at the sugar processing plant, sugarcane is loaded onto a conveyor table.
A sugar refinery is a refinery which processes raw sugar into white refined sugar or that processes sugar beet to refined sugar many cane sugar mills produce raw sugar, which is sugar that still contains molasses, giving it more colour and impurities than the white sugar which is normally consumed in households and used as an ingredient in soft drinks and foods. Apr, 2020 the sugar manufacturing process is executed through the growing, harvesting, and processing of sugarcane. It passes through various sugar equipment including a shredder, which uses a series of knives to chop the cane keep reading. In the final stages, the sugar goes through the refining process, which involves washing, filtration and other purification methods to produce pure, white sugar crystals. Its economic value lies in the stalks, and the sugar sucrose they contain after crushing. While there are many excellent reference and text books written by prominent authors, there is none that tell briefly to the superintendent of fabrication the best and simplest procedures in sugar production. It is then shipped in bulk to a refinery in the country where the sugar is required. Click download or read online button to get manufacture and refining of raw cane sugar book now. During the traditional refining process, raw sugar color is reduced from over 2000 iu to as low as 10. The centrifugation leaves behind a thick syruplike product molasses.
After processing and refining, not only are the end products exceptionally pure and highly marketable, but even the byproducts can be sold or put to good use. Drying and cooling in sugar processing solex thermal. This process generally used for clarification of sugar cane juice in planitation white sugar manufacturing industry. The proposed limitations for all three levels of technology as set forth above establish the requirements for discharge to navigable waters see table 1. Its economic value lies in the stalks, and the sugarsucrose they contain after crushing.
These ties give us a unique understanding of the trade and nafta sweetener policy so you can be rest assured that sugar with the cargill name is pure, no matter the origin. Vifoode sugar 1 sugar refining sugar was first manufactured from sugar cane in india, and its manufacture has spread from there throughout the world. Us20070277814a1 composition and sugar refining process. In the cane sugar industry, pressure for sustainable production has come largely from the importers of ethanol from. The sugar industry processes sugar cane and sugar beets to manufacture edible sugar. Cargill is the only company with broad access to corn sweeteners and sugar on both sides of the u. Most commonly, sulfur dioxide is used to lighten the color of the molasses or to. Juice extraction, clarification, and concentration are critical steps in sugar processing. Extremely low color liquid sugar is the result of energyintensive sugar production methods, but not a measure of quality itself. Sugar is processed into a few different final forms.
Raw sugar sugar cane is grown and harvested in tropical regions. Raw sugar is made in tropical countries where sugar cane can be grown profitably. As with white flour, lack of color can actually indicate. Following refining, the sugar is called refined sugar. The initial step in cane sugar refining is washing the sugar, called affination. Sugar cane is a natural agricultural resource because it.
This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Environmental concerns of a beetsugar factory basics of science related to sugar technology related tables for use in calculations. Sugar sucrose is a natural carbohydrate found in most plants. Only the final refining of the sugar takes place in the importing countries. The canes are thoroughly cleaned and cut into small pieces. Minimization of sucrose losses in sugar industry by ph and temperature optimization 516 effects of ph and temperature on the cane sugar concentration 16 brix % rs and % pol of the standard sucrose was studied at various ph 3. Pdf colorants through cane sugar production and refining part 1. During the last decade the treatises of geerligs, and of jones and scard.
However, because of high osmotic pressure and high viscosities, the role of membrane application is limited to dilute streams for clarification and purification at the juice extraction stage. Colorants through cane sugar production and refining part 1 article pdf available in zuckerindustrie. It has been tested in the laboratory and during two seasons on a small scale in a louisiana sugar mill. Drying and cooling in sugar processing solex thermal sciences. In this document, unrefined or raw sugar is referred to as cane sugar. After sugar beets or sugar cane are harvested by farmers, the sugar is processed and refined to ensure consistency and quality. After harvesting, sugar cane is partially refined into raw sugar at. Handbook of sugar refining pdf refining processes handbook 2017 refining processes handbook handbook sugar cane engineering petroleum refining process by bhaskararao refining the structure of a stochastic contextfree grammar petroleum refining engineering, 4th ed.
Traditionally, sugarcane processing requires two stages. This plant is designed with most modern technologies and automation at 3032% on cane steam consumption for maximizing cogeneration and producing white sugar of 60. Handbook of sugar refining pdf refining processes handbook 2017 refining processes handbook handbook sugar cane engineering petroleum refining process by bhaskararao refining the structure of a stochastic contextfree grammar petroleum refining engineering, 4th. The following points highlight the six main steps involved in manufacturing canesugar. Juice sulphitation process methods of sugar cane juice. Did you know color is a natural component of sugar. Then raw sugar is following further process like melting, clarification and decolourization to produced refined sugar. Before sugar made from sugar cane was discovered, the. Cane and beet sugar extracts contain sucrose and undesirable amounts of polysaccharides, lignins, proteins, starches, gums, waxes, and other colloidal impurities that contribute colour andor taste to the crystalline product and reduce. In the case of sugar, the raw sugar was not exported from the south. Brown sugar cost about nine cents per pound and white sugar sold for an average price of nineteen cents per pound molasses sold for about seventyfive cents per gallon. Cane sugar is then generally bulk loaded to trucks, railcars, or barges. The crushing process must break up the hard nodes of the cane and flatten the stems. Sugar beet may also be used in the sugar refining process.
Environmental concerns of a beet sugar factory basics of science related to sugar technology related tables for use in calculations. To grow well, sugar cane needs warm sunny weather free from frost, welldrained, fertile soil and lots of water around 1,500 mm of rainfall a year or access to irrigation. Sucrose in sugar cane is not associated with coloured. Pdf colorants through cane sugar production and refining. Molasses is used in the production of animal feed and as a raw material in the production of yeast and alcohol. One of the main drawbacks of an ion exchange resin decolorization process is the production of wastes during the regeneration procedure. Cane sugar refining with ion exchange resins sucrose is extracted from the sugar cane stalk in a cane sugar mill, purified and crystallized into a tan colored raw sugar. The pressing process involves crushing the stalks between the heavy and grooved metal rollers to separate the fiber bagasse from the juice that contains the sugar. Manufacture and refining of raw cane sugar download ebook. Refined sugar is produced by sugar cane or beet via raw sugar.
The sugar cane plant uses the process of photosynthesis to make sugar and stores it in the stem. A new process for the production of white sugar in a cane sugar mill has been developed. Manufacture and refining of raw cane sugar download. Cane sugar is refined either at the same location where it was produced as part of an integrated facility or at separate raw sugar refineries. Why is sulfur sometimes used in the production of molasses and should i be concerned about its use. All green plants manufacture sugar through the process of photosynthesis, but only sugar cane and sugar beet contain it in sufficient concentrations for efficient extraction. It now has to be finally cleaned up, purified and made ready for the consumer. Sugar processing juice extraction, clarification and. Today, were looking at the process for sugar cane, and how it gets from the field to your kitchen pantry. Process technologies for the white nile sugar factory. Whether sugar comes from sugar beets or sugar cane, the purification process is similar for each plant, and the result is the same pure sucrose. In the traditional refining process, the raw sugar is first mixed with heavy syrup and centrifuged to wash away the outer coating of the raw sugar crystals, which is less pure than the crystal interior. Before the war, sugar sold for about the same pr ice in both the north and south. Manufacture and refining of raw cane sugar 1st edition.
How sugar is made manufacture, used, processing, parts. Extremely low rbu liquid sugar is the result of energyintensive sugar production methods, but not a measure of quality itself. For both, the refining process removes all impurities and the surrounding plant matter, leaving only pure sucrose. The process of separating sugar from the sugar cane plant is accomplished in two steps. The sugar we consume must be further refined so as to not impart color, flavor or odor to the foods and beverages it sweetens. March 1996 the first three steps have been carried out overseas. A process for refining a raw sugar, particularly raw sugar from the sugar cane sugar industry, characterized in that it comprises the steps of.
The crystals are run through a centrifuge, which separates the syrup. More than 60% of the worlds sugar production is from sugar cane. Introduction to cane sugar technology provides a concise introduction to sugar technology. A history of sugar and sugar refining in the united states including a glossary of sweeteners virginia mescher early history of sugar today, almost everyone has a sweet tooth and historically people have craved sweet foods, thus sugar has a long and interesting history.
9 1195 153 1395 744 1302 1018 1505 171 956 151 636 626 1487 161 1092 775 430 572 690 1447 1063 106 1011 1428 666 1175 1079 482 818 215 997 722 80 86